• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Linear solar downlink optical system comprising a field of heliostats (1) to concentrate the solar radiation in a tower reflector (2) configured to redirect solar radiation to a gas-soil particle receiver (3) placed under the torr reflector (2), configured for the horizontal flow of a mixture of gas and particles that receives solar radiation. The tower reflector (2) and the gas-particle receiver (3) are linear, the heliostats (1) being arranged in a plurality of rows (4) placed linearly on both longitudinal sides of the tower reflector (2) and the gas-particle receiver (3). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2648148A1
    申请号:ES201730316
    申请日:2017-03-09
    公开日:2017-12-28
    发明作者:Domingo José SANTANA SANTANA；Jesús GÓMEZ HERNÁNDEZ；Javier Villa Briongos；Pedro Ángel GONZÁLEZ GÓMEZ
    申请人:Universidad Carlos III de Madrid；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Field of the Invention
    The present invention is comprised within the field of solar energy, specifically refers to the solar linear down-beam optical systems, and more specifically to the particle energy collection means of these systems.
    State of the art
    Solar energy as a renewable source has gained the attention of the industry in recent years and has experienced a high degree of development due to innovations and improvements in this field. Especially, the generation of solar energy by concentration (CSP) using alternative heat transfer fluids, such as dense gas-particle suspensions (DPS), is one of the most prominent and innovative technologies in relation to transfer and storage of energy
    On the one hand, in esp technologies, direct solar radiation is usually reflected by a field of heliostats to an upper receiver, which is placed on top of a tower. This upper receiver transfers the solar radiation to a working fluid, which is pumped from the bottom to the top of the tower and then returned to a tank placed at the bottom. This so-called up beam technology has several drawbacks. In addition to the high costs due to the continuous pumping of the working fluid to the top of the tower, the high thermal stresses produced in the receiver due to non-uniform solar energy radiation make its optimal operation difficult and can cause damage to the receiver .
    Some of these problems can be resolved by
    called down beam optical towers, which are designed following a quadratic curve and can redirect solar radiation to a ground receiver, so there will be no need to pump the working fluid to the top of the tower, and radiation from More uniform solar energy on the receiver will avoid high thermal stresses, since placing the receiver at ground level provides a homogeneous distribution of energy. Optical down-beam towers concentrate the energy reflected by hundreds of heliostats at one point, the lower focus point, where the ground receiver is placed. A power of up to 3000 kW / m2 can be concentrated in the upper part of the ground receiver, which has led to the design of combustion chambers, gasifiers and solar-powered units of thermal storage.
    On the other hand, the potential of the DPS that acts as an energy recipient has been widely recognized among the academic community. In these systems, a suitable mixture between the particle phase and the gas phase produces a dense phase, with high heat and mass transfer coefficients. These properties can be used to absorb and / or store solar radiation both in the dense phase and in the gas phase. As a consequence, high temperatures can be obtained, improving the overall efficiency of the system. Usually, the transfer of solar energy to the DPS has been done by intercepting solar radiation by an outer wall and, therefore, the energy transferred to the particles is limited by the low heat transfer coefficient between the wall and the suspension .
    Some systems have been proposed that combine a down beam tower reflector with a ground receiver to process solar energy. The applications range from gasification of carbonaceous materials to energy storage in molten salt receivers. See, for example, documents US4038557, US4455153, US2012 / 0186251A1 ° GB2073869A. However, these strategies focus the reflected solar flow at a single point below the descending beam system, in which the ground receiver is placed. Therefore, these approaches are limited to a single point concentration and none of these inventions considers the use of linear reflectors to distribute the solar flux reflected on a linear absorber.
    Description of the invention
    Briefly, the invention relates to a down-beam optical system comprising a linear particle receiver for storing the energy received from the sun. In preferred embodiments, the linear heliostats reflect the solar flux radiation to the down-beam optical system. In addition, the receiver configuration helps to increase the transfer of energy to both the particles and the upward flow of the gas.
    The present invention relates to a down-beam optical system that has a heliostat field, which concentrates solar radiation in a tower reflector configured to redirect solar radiation to a ground-gas receiver placed under the tower reflector. . This ground gas-particle receiver is configured for the horizontal flow of a mixture of gas and particles, or a dense gas-particle suspension (DPS), which receives solar radiation from down-beam optics.
    The invention provides a gas-particle receiver in which the falling beam tower reflector and the receiver are linear and parallel. Several lines of linear heliostats can be assembled to concentrate solar radiation on a down beam reflector tower. Preferably, the heliostat lines will be of the Fresnel type, although other types of reflectors may be used. In addition, said heliostats are arranged in a plurality of parallel rows with respect to the tower reflector and the gas-particle receiver.
    In systems known from the prior art, heliostats are arranged in concentric circles around the tower reflector, since in such systems the receiver is a focus point below the tower reflector. On the contrary, in the system of the present invention, the heliostats are arranged in parallel rows with respect to the tower reflector and the receiver, placed on both sides thereof, thereby achieving the most efficient reflection of solar radiation at along the entire length of the linear tower reflector.
    Therefore, several rows of heliostats can be assembled to concentrate solar radiation on a down beam tower reflector. This tower reflector is the first concentrator, it can be designed according to a quadratic curve, specifically hyperbolic or elliptic curves, although current technical knowledge prefers hyperbolic design, and intercepts solar radiation reflected by heliostats. The ground gas-particle receiver intercepts concentrated solar radiation
    5 coming from the top of it.
    According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the ground-particle gas receiver of the down-beam optical system absorbs concentrated solar flux radiation from the top of the enclosure through a window
    10 transparent to solar radiation. Another embodiment shows an external enclosure with a plurality of windows that act as an isolation barrier. Said enclosure may be in low pressure conditions. Below the outer enclosure, the gas-particle soil receiver has a plurality of compartments connected in series, through which the mixture of gas and particles flows absorbing the
    15 solar radiation
    Especially, each part of the gas receiver-soil particles comprises two containers, which are an outer container and an inner container, which provide the outer walls and the inner walls. These interior walls
    20 form an interior enclosure. The outer container allows the exit and entry of granular material and the proper orientation of the flowing gas. The outer vessel also contains the upper radiation opening, the windows mentioned above, and the inner vessel is the section in which the mixture of gas and granular material can behave as a fluidized or fixed bed depending on the
    25 gas velocity and particle properties. The inner container comprises a gas distributor, which is a distributor plate configured to support the deposited particles, allowing the flow of gas through them.
    In this way, the plurality of compartments connected in series acts
    30 as an integrated cavity that encloses the absorption of radiation from the upper part, providing horizontal transport of the particles and the upward flow of the gas. The interior walls divide the compartments into several adjacent compartments, each of which supports a bed of particles. In this way, the consecutive stages of the passage of gas through the beds
    35 increase solar energy absorbed by both gas and particles.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the floor particle gas receiver has a double outer wall. This double wall may comprise an insulating barrier inside, which will preferably be a vacuum barrier. By means of this double wall the gas receiver-soil particles reduces heat losses to the environment and optimizes the energy transferred by the radiation.
    During operation, the flow of gas pumped in the dense phase may vary. Depending on this mass flow, you can change the dynamic behavior of the dense suspension, improving the absorption of energy in the gas flow or in the particles. In addition, the mass flow of the particles, the transverse dimensions of the compartments, the type of particles, the type of distribution, and the geometric shape of the compartment can affect the solar energy absorbed by the dense gas-particle suspension.
    The system of the present invention comprising a ground level gasparticle receptor overcomes several problems of prior art systems, such as the distribution of non-homogeneous energy in the CSP towers and the low heat transfer coefficients shown by the Conventional dense gas-particle suspensions. The arrangement of consecutive compartments can homogenize the temperature of the receiver, making the flexible operation of the absorption system feasible and increasing the thermal efficiency.
    Therefore, the present invention is an alternative system for absorbing solar energy through the combination of a linear descending beam tower coupled with a linear field of heliostats to homogeneously redirect the energy to a DPS receiver.
    The features, functions and advantages that have been set forth can be achieved independently in various embodiments or can be combined in other embodiments, the further details of which can be seen with reference to the following description and drawings.
    Brief description of the figures
    Next, in order to facilitate the understanding of the present description, in a more illustrative than limiting way, a series of embodiments will be developed with reference to a series of figures.
    Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a system object of the present invention showing the main features, with Fresnellineal heliostats, a solar tower and a gas-particle soil receiver.
    Figure 2 is an illustrative schematic view of the system of Figure 1 showing solar radiation and the relationship between the main elements of the system.
    Figure 3 shows a specific embodiment of the soil gas-particle receiver of a system object of the invention.
    Figure 4 shows a specific embodiment of the soil gas-particle receiver of a system object of the invention with an isolation barrier in the upper part of the enclosure.
    Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of A-A shown in Figure 4.
    Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of B-B shown in Figure 4.
    Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of C-C shown in Figure 4.
    These figures refer to the following set of elements:
    one. heliostats
    2. tower reflector
    3. gas receiver-soil particles
    Four. rows of heliostats
    5. gas receiver compartments-soil particles
    6. exterior walls
    7. particles
    8. interior walls of the compartments
    9. transparent window to solar radiation
    10. upper enclosure
    eleven . distributor plate
    Description of the realizations
    The present description refers to a down-beam optical system, which comprises a field of heliostats 1 to concentrate solar radiation on a tower reflector 2, which is configured to redirect solar radiation to a gas receiver-soil particles 3 placed under the tower reflector 2. The ground gas-particle receiver 3 is configured for the horizontal flow of a mixture of gas and particles, or a dense gas-particle suspension (DPS), which receives solar radiation.
    As can be seen in Figures 1-2, the tower reflector 2 and the gas-particle receiver 3 are linear and parallel, and the heliostats 1 are placed linearly on both longitudinal sides of the tower refiector 2 and the gas particle receiver 3 The heliostats 1 are arranged in a plurality of parallel rows 4 with respect to the tower reflector 2 and the gas-particle receiver 3.
    Figure 3 shows a specific embodiment of the present invention, in which the gas-particle soil receiver 3 comprises two containers, which are an outer container and an inner container, which provide the outer and inner walls, through the that circulate the gas and the particles. The outer container of the gas-particle receiver 3 is formed by a window 9 to allow direct radiation of the absorption means, and a plurality of outer walls 6 arranged in such a way that they allow the particles to enter 7. The window 9 and the wall of the upper enclosure 10 of the outer container is configured in such a way that they allow radiation to enter, reducing heat losses. The particles are made of a material chosen in such a way that it has high radiant and thermal energy properties, which preferably show high absorption capacity and low emissivity. Preferably, the particles 7 enter through an opening of the outer walls 6 and exit through the opposite side. The inner container comprises a plurality of compartments 5 connected in series, through which the
    mixture of gas and particles that absorbs solar radiation.
    Preferably, each compartment 5 comprises a gas distributor 11 that supports the deposited particles 7 allowing the gas to flow through them. According to a specific embodiment, each compartment 5 comprises a plurality of interior walls 8 that form an enclosure therein. The upper part of the inner container coincides with the upper part of the outer container which is the window 9 and the upper enclosure 10.
    The design and height of the inner side walls 8 can be modified to modify the flow of gas between each compartment 5. In the front and bottom inner walls 8 there are openings for the mass flow of particles, and they can be modified to regulate the flow of horizontal mass of solids between each compartment 5. The openings in the inner side walls 8 allow the flow of gas through the different compartments 5, which show a vertical flow upwards through the bed of the particles 7. An inner wall Vertical 8 divides both compartments 5 while allowing horizontal movement of solids through an opening.
    According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the floor gas-particle receiver 3 can have a double outer window 9 as shown in the figure. 4. This double window 9 can comprise an insulating barrier inside. Low pressure conditions or a cooling system between the two windows 9 may be preferable to reduce heat losses to the environment. Figures 5-7 clearly show the isolation barrier of the double window 9 of the soil particle receiver 3. The configuration of the outer walls 6 and the inner walls 8, the gas distributor 11 and the windows 9 pursues the same objectives than the embodiment shown in Figure 3, which is the control of gas and particle flows in order to improve the capture of solar radiation. Therefore, the previous description of figure 3 is incorporated herein for the figure
    4. Figure 4 incorporates some marks indicating the cross-sectional views depicted in Figure 5, Figure 6 and Figure 7, which are included for a better understanding of the ground receiver 3.
    The embodiments of Figure 3 and Figure 4 can be configured by placing a plurality of floor receivers 3 in series, that is, placed continuously following the horizontal movement of the solids, so that the exit of particles 7 from a receiver of floor enters through the opening of the outer wall 6
    5 of the next floor receiver. Said configuration is schematically illustrated in Figure 1 as a linear solar particle receiver.
    Figure 5 shows the cross-sectional view AA of the embodiment shown in Figure 4. In this specific view, the configuration of the outer walls 10 and the inner walls 8 is described for the first compartment 5 of the floor receiver 3. Figure 5 shows the outer walls 6 and the inner walls 8 that form the outer container and the inner container, respectively. Solar radiation comes from the upper part of the outer container through the double windows 9, which is represented by continuous arrows, and hits the bed 15 of the particles 7. The configuration of the walls 6, 8 And the gas distributor it allows the upward flow of gas through the bed of the particles 7. After passing through the gas distributor 11 and the bed of the particles 7 the upward flow of gas is directed through an opening of the inner side walls 8 leaving the first compartment 5 of the inner container and redirecting to the
    Next 20 compartment 5 and the gas distributor 11 through the outer container.
    Figure 6 shows the cross-sectional view of 8-8 of the embodiment depicted in Figure 4. In this specific view a cross-sectional view of the second compartment 5 of the receiver 3 is shown. In Figure 6, the current of
    The gas contained within the outer and inner containers between the right side inner wall 8 and the right side outer wall 6 comes from the anterior compartment 5 after passing through the gas distributor 11 and the bed of particles 7 shown in Figure 5. After redirecting this gas to the gas distributor 11, the gas flows upward through the bed of the particles 7
    30 And leave the inner container through an opening in the inner side wall 8, which is contained between the outer and inner containers.
    Figure 7 shows the cross-sectional view of ee of the embodiment represented in Figure 4. In this specific view, the longitudinal cross-section 35 of the floor receiver 3 shows the two compartments 5 containing the bed of the particles 7 in which its horizontal movement is outlined by continuous horizontal arrows that indicate its entrance through the outer wall 6, its entrance from the first compartment 5 to the second through a vertical inner wall 8, and its exit through the outer wall 6 ; while the movement of the gas 5 is described by dotted line arrows through the gas distributor 11 and the inner vessel; and the incoming solar radiation is signaled vertically by continuous arrows through the windows 9. Obviously, the size of the openings, or on the outer wall 6 for the entry and exit of solids, or on the inner wall 8 for the control of the horizontal movement of particles and gas can
    10 Change the thermal behavior of the ground receiver.
    Once the invention has been clearly described, it is noted that the specific embodiments described above may be subject to detailed modifications provided that the fundamental principle and essence of the invention are not altered.
    15 invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    1. Solar linear descending beam optical system comprising
    - a field of heliostats (1) configured to concentrate solar radiation on
    - a tower reflector (2) configured to redirect solar radiation towards
    - a gas receiver-soil particles (3) placed under the tower reflector (2), configured for the horizontal flow of a mixture of gas and particles that receives solar radiation,
    the down beam optical system being characterized by that
    - the tower reflector (2) and the gas-particle receiver (3) are linear,
    - and because the heliostats (1) are arranged in a plurality of rows (4) placed linearly on both longitudinal sides of the tower reflector (2) and the receiver of gas particles (3).
    [2]
    2. Optical solar linear descending beam system according to claim 1, characterized in that the tower reflector (2) and the gas-particle receiver (3) are parallel.
    [3]
    3. Optical solar linear descending beam system, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas receiver-soil particles
    (3) comprises a plurality of receivers connected in series configured to linearly absorb solar radiation.
    [4]
    4. Optical solar linear beam system, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gas receiver-soil particles
    (3) comprises an inner container comprising a plurality of compartments (5) connected in series, each compartment (5) comprising a plurality of inner walls (8) comprising openings for the mass flow of particles (7), forming said inner walls (8) an inner enclosure configured to direct the flow of gas and particles (7), said inner container being placed inside an outer container through which the mixture of gas and particle flow (7) absorbs radiation solar, said outer container comprising an outer wall (6) with openings for the entry and exit of particles (7), each compartment (5) comprising a distributor plate (11) that allows the flow of gas and configured to support the particles (7) deposited through which the gas flows, and the outer container comprising an upper enclosure (10) which, in turn, comprises a plurality of windows (9) that allow the ent Rada of solar radiation.
    [5]
    5. Optical solar linear descending beam system according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the distributor plate (11) is made of a porous material.
    [6]
    6. Optical solar linear beam system according to claim 4, characterized in that the distributor plate (11) comprises a plurality of holes.
    [7]
    7. Optical solar linear descending beam system according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the upper enclosure (10) of the outer container comprises an insulating barrier inside.
    [8]
    8. Solar linear descending beam optical system according to the preceding claim,
    characterized in that the insulation barrier of the upper enclosure (10) of the container
     Outside comprises a vacuum barrier.
    5. Solar optical down-beam optical system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heliostats (1) are Fresnel type reflectors.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2018162779A1|2018-09-13|
    ES2648148B2|2018-09-11|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO2012120016A1|2011-03-07|2012-09-13|Siemens Concentrated Solar Power Ltd.|Receiver for a beam down power plant, system with the receiver and use of the system|
    US20150090251A1|2012-04-03|2015-04-02|Magaldi Industrie S.R.L.|Device, system and method for high level of energetic efficiency for the storage and use of thermal energy of solar origin|
    CN103322696A|2013-05-08|2013-09-25|南京溧马新能源科技有限公司|Thrice focusing solar energy receiving device|
    WO2015174236A1|2014-05-13|2015-11-19|国立大学法人新潟大学|Concentrated sunlight heat receiver, reactor, and heater|
    WO2014038553A1|2012-09-05|2014-03-13|国立大学法人新潟大学|Heat collection/heat storage device using sunlight|
    DE102013201938A1|2013-02-06|2014-08-07|Sunoyster Systems Gmbh|Receiver for solar systems and solar system|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201730316A|ES2648148B2|2017-03-09|2017-03-09|Optical solar linear descending beam system|ES201730316A| ES2648148B2|2017-03-09|2017-03-09|Optical solar linear descending beam system|
    PCT/ES2018/070169| WO2018162779A1|2017-03-09|2018-03-07|Solar linear beam-down optical system|
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